Unclear or clouded title:Missing heirs, disputes over inheritance, or past deeds not recorded properly.

Liens and judgments:
Tax liens, mechanic’s liens, divorce decrees, or unpaid child support attached to the property.

Easements or encroachments:
Driveways, fences, or utilities built on a neighbor’s land, or rights of way not disclosed.

Low appraisals:
The bank’s valuation comes in below the contract price, forcing renegotiation or larger down payments.

Unconventional loans:
VA, FHA, or jumbo loans with stricter requirements.

Buyer’s financial instability:
Job changes, self-employment income, or high debt ratios complicate underwriting.

Major repairs:
Structural damage, foundation cracks, mold, roof failure, or faulty septic systems.

Unpermitted work:
Additions, garages, or renovations done without proper city/county approval.

Environmental concerns:
Asbestos, lead paint, radon, underground oil tanks.

Divorce sales:
Spouses may disagree on price, timing, or division of proceeds.

Estate or probate sales:
Multiple heirs with different expectations or probate court involvement.

Short sales or foreclosures:
Lender approval is required, creating delays and negotiation hurdles.

Repair negotiations:
Disagreements over who pays for what after inspections.

Complex contingencies:
Sale dependent on another property selling, rent-back agreements, or seller finding replacement housing.

Disputes over personal property:
Appliances, furniture, or fixtures sometimes derail progress.

Tight deadlines:
Relocation for jobs, school year changes, or 1031 exchange timelines.

Market volatility:
Rising/falling interest rates mid-transaction.

Cross-state or international buyers/sellers:
Time zone, legal, and tax complications.